Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *heIn- / *heIl-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bite

Tsezi: ħan-

Ginukh: hil-

Khvarshi: ħa:n-

Comments: PTsKh *heIn- / *heIl- (with expressive vowel length in Khvarsh.).

Proto-Tsezian: *heƛe A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: nut, walnut

Tsezi: hiƛo-ri

Ginukh: hiƛa-ʁru

Khvarshi: ħeƛe

Bezhta: heƛe

Gunzib: heƛe

Comments: PTsKh *heƛe (cf. also Tsez. hiƛi "nut core"); PGB *heƛe. The forms: Tsez. hiƛori, Gin. hiƛaʁru (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. heƛarʁo "nut") reflect a PTs compound with a not quite clear second part.

Proto-Tsezian: *heƛu ( ~ ħ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: armful

Gunzib: heƛu

Comments: Isolated in Gunz., but having good Andian parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *heƛu A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: comb

Tsezi: hiƛu / hiƛo

Ginukh: hiƛu

Khvarshi: ħeƛu

Inkhokvari: hẽƛu

Bezhta: heƛo

Gunzib: heƛu

Comments: PTsKh *heƛu; PGB *heƛu. Not clear is the source of Inkh. pharyngealization.

Proto-Tsezian: *hel- ( ~ ħ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to boil

Bezhta: hel- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: hel-ā

Comments: PGB *hel-. The stem is obviously denominative: Gunzib forms are actually compounds hel-ā 'to boil (intrans.)', hela-ḳa 'to boil (trans.)'.

Proto-Tsezian: *hel ( ~ -r)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bullet, arrow

Tsezi: hil

Ginukh: hilu

Comments: PTsKh *hel(u). Formally homonymous to *hel(u) 'pea', which is of course accidental.

Proto-Tsezian: *hel(u) A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pea(s) 2 haricot

Tsezi: hil 1

Ginukh: hilu 1

Khvarshi: ħel 2

Inkhokvari: hel 1

Gunzib: helu 1

Comments: PTsKh *heR(u). Bezht. holo < Avar.

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝbV ( ~ -e-,-ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stick

Tsezi: hibo

Ginukh: hebo

Comments: PTsKh *hǝbo.

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝʁ(:)u (~-e-,-ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shed

Tsezi: hiʁu

Ginukh: heʁu

Comments: PTsKh *hǝʁu.

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝ̃ḳ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to hiccup

Gunzib: hǝ̃ḳ-daḳ-

Comments: An onomatopoeic word, attested only in Gunzib (with other suffixation: hǝ̃ḳ-ʎaḳ-), but having exact external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝ̃s:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Tsezi: sis

Ginukh: hes

Khvarshi: has

Inkhokvari: hos

Bezhta: hõs

Gunzib: hǝ̃s

Comments: The PTs paradigm: *hǝ̃s:, obl. *s:ɨ-. The oblique base is preserved in Gunz. sɨ-d, Bezht. si-d; it is also reflected in the Tsez form sis which is a contamination of former direct and oblique bases. Cf. also Gunz. se-n 'everything', se-se 'some', very probably derived from the same root.

Proto-Tsezian: *hi-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: interrogative pronoun (which 1, how 2)

Khvarshi: hi-ba (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: hi-bo 1

Gunzib: hi-na 2

Comments: PTsKh *hi-bǝ; cf. also Gunz. hɨ̃-dǝ 'when'.

Proto-Tsezian: *hĩ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pear

Bezhta: hĩ (Khaidakov)

Gunzib: hĩ

Comments: PGB *hĩ; on the reflexes of this root in PTsKh (in the compound *hĩ-ʔẽš) see under *ʔẽš: 'apple'.

Proto-Tsezian: *[h]ĩč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: near

Bezhta: hica

Gunzib: ĩččo

Comments: PGB *[h]ĩč- (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. hĩččä).

Proto-Tsezian: *hĩc̣V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: waist

Khvarshi: hic̣il (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: hĩc̣c̣e

Comments: PTsKh *hĩc̣V-. The Inkh. form presupposes a PTs suffixed form *hĩc̣V-jV.

Proto-Tsezian: *hĩč̣- ( ~ ħ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to fear, be afraid

Bezhta: hĩč̣- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: hĩč̣-

Comments: PGB *hĩč̣- (cf. also Khosh. hič̣- / hic̣-). There exists also a nominal stem: PGB *hĩč̣u > Bezht. Tlad. hĩč̣ö, Khosh. hic̣o 'fright', Gunz. hĩč̣u 'scarecrow'.

Proto-Tsezian: *hiḳʷǝ A/ *riḳʷǝ A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: man, person

Tsezi: (ž-eḳu)

Ginukh: reḳʷe

Khvarshi: (žiḳʷa)

Inkhokvari: hiḳo

Bezhta: (suḳo)

Gunzib: (suḳu)

Comments: The PTsKh form *hiḳʷǝ / *riḳʷǝ is probably a development of the original *hirḳʷV (although phonetically it is an exceptional case). Most Tsezian languages reflect only an old compound *ži-hirḳʷV > PTs *žiḳʷV q.v.

Proto-Tsezian: *himV (~ *χ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: abscess

Inkhokvari: himon

Comments: Inkh. himon presupposes PTs *himV-R or *χimV-R (the -R is obviously a suffix). Isolated in Tsez., but having good Andian and Nakh parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *hin-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: (one)self

Tsezi: ne-

Inkhokvari: i-

Bezhta: hin- / hon-

Comments: Originally the oblique base, cf. Tsez. dir. žo - obl. ne-s- (1st cl.) / ne-ʎ- (2d cl.), Bezht. Tlad. žü - hin-/hon- (same opposition); in Inkhokvari it has passed also to the direct base (i-so 1st cl., iʎe 2d-5th cl.).

Proto-Tsezian: *hin-čV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: today

Gunzib: hinčo-d

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.